Somalia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Indian Ocean to the eastern, and Kenya to the south west. Somalia has the longest coast on the continent's mainland, and its landscapes is composed mostly of plateaus, levels and highlands. Climatically, warm conditions dominate year-round, with regular monsoon winds and irregular rainfall.
Somalia has a population of around 10 million. Around 85 % of homeowners are ethnic Somalis, who have actually historically occupied the northern part of the country. Ethnic minorities compose the rest and are greatly focused in the southerly regions. The official languages of Somalia are Arabic and somali, both which concern the Afro-Asiatic family. Many people in the nation are Muslim, with the majority being Sunni.
In antiquity, Somalia was an important business centre, and is amongst one of the most probable areas of the legendary old Land of Punt. During the Middle Ages, many powerful Somali empires controlled the regional profession, consisting of the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Warsangali Sultanate, and the Geledi Sultanate. In the late 19th century, via a sequence of treaties with these kingdoms, the British and Italians gained command of parts of the shore and set up the colonies of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland. In the interior, Muhammad Abdullah Hassan's Dervish State efficiently fended off the British Empire 4 times and required it to pull away to the coastal region. The Dervishes were finally defeated in 1920 by British airpower.
Italy acquired full command of the southerly and northeastern parts of the area after successfully salarying the supposed Campaign of the Sultanates against the ruling Majeerteen Sultanate and Sultanate of Hobyo. Northern Somalia would continue to be a protectorate, while southern Somalia became a United Nations Trusteeship in 1949. In 1960, the 2 areas united to form the independent Somali Republic under a private government.
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